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    <h3>Editing: BoundMethod.php</h3>
    <textarea name="content" rows="20" cols="80">&lt;?php

namespace Illuminate\Container;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use ReflectionFunction;
use ReflectionMethod;

class BoundMethod
{
    /**
     * Call the given Closure / class@method and inject its dependencies.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  string|null  $defaultMethod
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \ReflectionException
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public static function call($container, $callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
    {
        if (is_string($callback) &amp;&amp; ! $defaultMethod &amp;&amp; method_exists($callback, '__invoke')) {
            $defaultMethod = '__invoke';
        }

        if (static::isCallableWithAtSign($callback) || $defaultMethod) {
            return static::callClass($container, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);
        }

        return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) {
            return $callback(...array_values(static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters)));
        });
    }

    /**
     * Call a string reference to a class using Class@method syntax.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  string  $target
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  string|null  $defaultMethod
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    protected static function callClass($container, $target, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
    {
        $segments = explode('@', $target);

        // We will assume an @ sign is used to delimit the class name from the method
        // name. We will split on this @ sign and then build a callable array that
        // we can pass right back into the &quot;call&quot; method for dependency binding.
        $method = count($segments) === 2
                        ? $segments[1] : $defaultMethod;

        if (is_null($method)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Method not provided.');
        }

        return static::call(
            $container, [$container-&gt;make($segments[0]), $method], $parameters
        );
    }

    /**
     * Call a method that has been bound to the container.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected static function callBoundMethod($container, $callback, $default)
    {
        if (! is_array($callback)) {
            return Util::unwrapIfClosure($default);
        }

        // Here we need to turn the array callable into a Class@method string we can use to
        // examine the container and see if there are any method bindings for this given
        // method. If there are, we can call this method binding callback immediately.
        $method = static::normalizeMethod($callback);

        if ($container-&gt;hasMethodBinding($method)) {
            return $container-&gt;callMethodBinding($method, $callback[0]);
        }

        return Util::unwrapIfClosure($default);
    }

    /**
     * Normalize the given callback into a Class@method string.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return string
     */
    protected static function normalizeMethod($callback)
    {
        $class = is_string($callback[0]) ? $callback[0] : get_class($callback[0]);

        return &quot;{$class}@{$callback[1]}&quot;;
    }

    /**
     * Get all dependencies for a given method.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \ReflectionException
     */
    protected static function getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, array $parameters = [])
    {
        $dependencies = [];

        foreach (static::getCallReflector($callback)-&gt;getParameters() as $parameter) {
            static::addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter, $parameters, $dependencies);
        }

        return array_merge($dependencies, array_values($parameters));
    }

    /**
     * Get the proper reflection instance for the given callback.
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @return \ReflectionFunctionAbstract
     *
     * @throws \ReflectionException
     */
    protected static function getCallReflector($callback)
    {
        if (is_string($callback) &amp;&amp; strpos($callback, '::') !== false) {
            $callback = explode('::', $callback);
        } elseif (is_object($callback) &amp;&amp; ! $callback instanceof Closure) {
            $callback = [$callback, '__invoke'];
        }

        return is_array($callback)
                        ? new ReflectionMethod($callback[0], $callback[1])
                        : new ReflectionFunction($callback);
    }

    /**
     * Get the dependency for the given call parameter.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  array  $dependencies
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected static function addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter,
                                                            array &amp;$parameters, &amp;$dependencies)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($paramName = $parameter-&gt;getName(), $parameters)) {
            $dependencies[] = $parameters[$paramName];

            unset($parameters[$paramName]);
        } elseif (! is_null($className = Util::getParameterClassName($parameter))) {
            if (array_key_exists($className, $parameters)) {
                $dependencies[] = $parameters[$className];

                unset($parameters[$className]);
            } else {
                if ($parameter-&gt;isVariadic()) {
                    $variadicDependencies = $container-&gt;make($className);

                    $dependencies = array_merge($dependencies, is_array($variadicDependencies)
                                ? $variadicDependencies
                                : [$variadicDependencies]);
                } else {
                    $dependencies[] = $container-&gt;make($className);
                }
            }
        } elseif ($parameter-&gt;isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
            $dependencies[] = $parameter-&gt;getDefaultValue();
        } elseif (! $parameter-&gt;isOptional() &amp;&amp; ! array_key_exists($paramName, $parameters)) {
            $message = &quot;Unable to resolve dependency [{$parameter}] in class {$parameter-&gt;getDeclaringClass()-&gt;getName()}&quot;;

            throw new BindingResolutionException($message);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given string is in Class@method syntax.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $callback
     * @return bool
     */
    protected static function isCallableWithAtSign($callback)
    {
        return is_string($callback) &amp;&amp; strpos($callback, '@') !== false;
    }
}
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