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    <h3>Editing: AbstractCursorPaginator.php</h3>
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namespace Illuminate\Pagination;

use ArrayAccess;
use Closure;
use Exception;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Pivot;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Illuminate\Support\Traits\ForwardsCalls;
use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Tappable;

/**
 * @mixin \Illuminate\Support\Collection
 */
abstract class AbstractCursorPaginator implements Htmlable
{
    use ForwardsCalls, Tappable;

    /**
     * All of the items being paginated.
     *
     * @var \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    protected $items;

    /**
     * The number of items to be shown per page.
     *
     * @var int
     */
    protected $perPage;

    /**
     * The base path to assign to all URLs.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $path = '/';

    /**
     * The query parameters to add to all URLs.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $query = [];

    /**
     * The URL fragment to add to all URLs.
     *
     * @var string|null
     */
    protected $fragment;

    /**
     * The cursor string variable used to store the page.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $cursorName = 'cursor';

    /**
     * The current cursor.
     *
     * @var \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor|null
     */
    protected $cursor;

    /**
     * The paginator parameters for the cursor.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $parameters;

    /**
     * The paginator options.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $options;

    /**
     * The current cursor resolver callback.
     *
     * @var \Closure
     */
    protected static $currentCursorResolver;

    /**
     * Get the URL for a given cursor.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor|null  $cursor
     * @return string
     */
    public function url($cursor)
    {
        // If we have any extra query string key / value pairs that need to be added
        // onto the URL, we will put them in query string form and then attach it
        // to the URL. This allows for extra information like sortings storage.
        $parameters = is_null($cursor) ? [] : [$this-&gt;cursorName =&gt; $cursor-&gt;encode()];

        if (count($this-&gt;query) &gt; 0) {
            $parameters = array_merge($this-&gt;query, $parameters);
        }

        return $this-&gt;path()
            .(Str::contains($this-&gt;path(), '?') ? '&amp;' : '?')
            .Arr::query($parameters)
            .$this-&gt;buildFragment();
    }

    /**
     * Get the URL for the previous page.
     *
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function previousPageUrl()
    {
        if (is_null($previousCursor = $this-&gt;previousCursor())) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this-&gt;url($previousCursor);
    }

    /**
     * The URL for the next page, or null.
     *
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function nextPageUrl()
    {
        if (is_null($nextCursor = $this-&gt;nextCursor())) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this-&gt;url($nextCursor);
    }

    /**
     * Get the &quot;cursor&quot; that points to the previous set of items.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor|null
     */
    public function previousCursor()
    {
        if (is_null($this-&gt;cursor) ||
            ($this-&gt;cursor-&gt;pointsToPreviousItems() &amp;&amp; ! $this-&gt;hasMore)) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($this-&gt;items-&gt;isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this-&gt;getCursorForItem($this-&gt;items-&gt;first(), false);
    }

    /**
     * Get the &quot;cursor&quot; that points to the next set of items.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor|null
     */
    public function nextCursor()
    {
        if ((is_null($this-&gt;cursor) &amp;&amp; ! $this-&gt;hasMore) ||
            (! is_null($this-&gt;cursor) &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;cursor-&gt;pointsToNextItems() &amp;&amp; ! $this-&gt;hasMore)) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($this-&gt;items-&gt;isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        return $this-&gt;getCursorForItem($this-&gt;items-&gt;last(), true);
    }

    /**
     * Get a cursor instance for the given item.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|\stdClass  $item
     * @param  bool  $isNext
     * @return \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor
     */
    public function getCursorForItem($item, $isNext = true)
    {
        return new Cursor($this-&gt;getParametersForItem($item), $isNext);
    }

    /**
     * Get the cursor parameters for a given object.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|\stdClass  $item
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function getParametersForItem($item)
    {
        return collect($this-&gt;parameters)
            -&gt;flip()
            -&gt;map(function ($_, $parameterName) use ($item) {
                if ($item instanceof JsonResource) {
                    $item = $item-&gt;resource;
                }

                if ($item instanceof Model &amp;&amp;
                    ! is_null($parameter = $this-&gt;getPivotParameterForItem($item, $parameterName))) {
                    return $parameter;
                } elseif ($item instanceof ArrayAccess || is_array($item)) {
                    return $this-&gt;ensureParameterIsPrimitive(
                        $item[$parameterName] ?? $item[Str::afterLast($parameterName, '.')]
                    );
                } elseif (is_object($item)) {
                    return $this-&gt;ensureParameterIsPrimitive(
                        $item-&gt;{$parameterName} ?? $item-&gt;{Str::afterLast($parameterName, '.')}
                    );
                }

                throw new Exception('Only arrays and objects are supported when cursor paginating items.');
            })-&gt;toArray();
    }

    /**
     * Get the cursor parameter value from a pivot model if applicable.
     *
     * @param  \ArrayAccess|\stdClass  $item
     * @param  string  $parameterName
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function getPivotParameterForItem($item, $parameterName)
    {
        $table = Str::beforeLast($parameterName, '.');

        foreach ($item-&gt;getRelations() as $relation) {
            if ($relation instanceof Pivot &amp;&amp; $relation-&gt;getTable() === $table) {
                return $this-&gt;ensureParameterIsPrimitive(
                    $relation-&gt;getAttribute(Str::afterLast($parameterName, '.'))
                );
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Ensure the parameter is a primitive type.
     *
     * This can resolve issues that arise the developer uses a value object for an attribute.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $parameter
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function ensureParameterIsPrimitive($parameter)
    {
        return is_object($parameter) &amp;&amp; method_exists($parameter, '__toString')
                        ? (string) $parameter
                        : $parameter;
    }

    /**
     * Get / set the URL fragment to be appended to URLs.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $fragment
     * @return $this|string|null
     */
    public function fragment($fragment = null)
    {
        if (is_null($fragment)) {
            return $this-&gt;fragment;
        }

        $this-&gt;fragment = $fragment;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Add a set of query string values to the paginator.
     *
     * @param  array|string|null  $key
     * @param  string|null  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    public function appends($key, $value = null)
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            return $this;
        }

        if (is_array($key)) {
            return $this-&gt;appendArray($key);
        }

        return $this-&gt;addQuery($key, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Add an array of query string values.
     *
     * @param  array  $keys
     * @return $this
     */
    protected function appendArray(array $keys)
    {
        foreach ($keys as $key =&gt; $value) {
            $this-&gt;addQuery($key, $value);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Add all current query string values to the paginator.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function withQueryString()
    {
        if (! is_null($query = Paginator::resolveQueryString())) {
            return $this-&gt;appends($query);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Add a query string value to the paginator.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    protected function addQuery($key, $value)
    {
        if ($key !== $this-&gt;cursorName) {
            $this-&gt;query[$key] = $value;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Build the full fragment portion of a URL.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildFragment()
    {
        return $this-&gt;fragment ? '#'.$this-&gt;fragment : '';
    }

    /**
     * Load a set of relationships onto the mixed relationship collection.
     *
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @param  array  $relations
     * @return $this
     */
    public function loadMorph($relation, $relations)
    {
        $this-&gt;getCollection()-&gt;loadMorph($relation, $relations);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Load a set of relationship counts onto the mixed relationship collection.
     *
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @param  array  $relations
     * @return $this
     */
    public function loadMorphCount($relation, $relations)
    {
        $this-&gt;getCollection()-&gt;loadMorphCount($relation, $relations);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the slice of items being paginated.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function items()
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;all();
    }

    /**
     * Transform each item in the slice of items using a callback.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return $this
     */
    public function through(callable $callback)
    {
        $this-&gt;items-&gt;transform($callback);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the number of items shown per page.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function perPage()
    {
        return $this-&gt;perPage;
    }

    /**
     * Get the current cursor being paginated.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor|null
     */
    public function cursor()
    {
        return $this-&gt;cursor;
    }

    /**
     * Get the query string variable used to store the cursor.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getCursorName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;cursorName;
    }

    /**
     * Set the query string variable used to store the cursor.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setCursorName($name)
    {
        $this-&gt;cursorName = $name;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Set the base path to assign to all URLs.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @return $this
     */
    public function withPath($path)
    {
        return $this-&gt;setPath($path);
    }

    /**
     * Set the base path to assign to all URLs.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setPath($path)
    {
        $this-&gt;path = $path;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the base path for paginator generated URLs.
     *
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function path()
    {
        return $this-&gt;path;
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the current cursor or return the default value.
     *
     * @param  string  $cursorName
     * @return \Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor|null
     */
    public static function resolveCurrentCursor($cursorName = 'cursor', $default = null)
    {
        if (isset(static::$currentCursorResolver)) {
            return call_user_func(static::$currentCursorResolver, $cursorName);
        }

        return $default;
    }

    /**
     * Set the current cursor resolver callback.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $resolver
     * @return void
     */
    public static function currentCursorResolver(Closure $resolver)
    {
        static::$currentCursorResolver = $resolver;
    }

    /**
     * Get an instance of the view factory from the resolver.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory
     */
    public static function viewFactory()
    {
        return Paginator::viewFactory();
    }

    /**
     * Get an iterator for the items.
     *
     * @return \ArrayIterator
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function getIterator()
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;getIterator();
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the list of items is empty.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isEmpty()
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the list of items is not empty.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isNotEmpty()
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;isNotEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Get the number of items for the current page.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function count()
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;count();
    }

    /**
     * Get the paginator's underlying collection.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    public function getCollection()
    {
        return $this-&gt;items;
    }

    /**
     * Set the paginator's underlying collection.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $collection
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setCollection(Collection $collection)
    {
        $this-&gt;items = $collection;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the paginator options.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getOptions()
    {
        return $this-&gt;options;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given item exists.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetExists($key)
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;has($key);
    }

    /**
     * Get the item at the given offset.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetGet($key)
    {
        return $this-&gt;items-&gt;get($key);
    }

    /**
     * Set the item at the given offset.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return void
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetSet($key, $value)
    {
        $this-&gt;items-&gt;put($key, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Unset the item at the given key.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $key
     * @return void
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetUnset($key)
    {
        $this-&gt;items-&gt;forget($key);
    }

    /**
     * Render the contents of the paginator to HTML.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function toHtml()
    {
        return (string) $this-&gt;render();
    }

    /**
     * Make dynamic calls into the collection.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function __call($method, $parameters)
    {
        return $this-&gt;forwardCallTo($this-&gt;getCollection(), $method, $parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Render the contents of the paginator when casting to a string.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        return (string) $this-&gt;render();
    }
}
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