<form method="POST">
    <h3>Editing: BelongsToMany.php</h3>
    <textarea name="content" rows="20" cols="80">&lt;?php

namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Concerns\AsPivot;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Concerns\InteractsWithDictionary;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Concerns\InteractsWithPivotTable;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use InvalidArgumentException;

class BelongsToMany extends Relation
{
    use InteractsWithDictionary, InteractsWithPivotTable;

    /**
     * The intermediate table for the relation.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table;

    /**
     * The foreign key of the parent model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $foreignPivotKey;

    /**
     * The associated key of the relation.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $relatedPivotKey;

    /**
     * The key name of the parent model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $parentKey;

    /**
     * The key name of the related model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $relatedKey;

    /**
     * The &quot;name&quot; of the relationship.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $relationName;

    /**
     * The pivot table columns to retrieve.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $pivotColumns = [];

    /**
     * Any pivot table restrictions for where clauses.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $pivotWheres = [];

    /**
     * Any pivot table restrictions for whereIn clauses.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $pivotWhereIns = [];

    /**
     * Any pivot table restrictions for whereNull clauses.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $pivotWhereNulls = [];

    /**
     * The default values for the pivot columns.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $pivotValues = [];

    /**
     * Indicates if timestamps are available on the pivot table.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $withTimestamps = false;

    /**
     * The custom pivot table column for the created_at timestamp.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $pivotCreatedAt;

    /**
     * The custom pivot table column for the updated_at timestamp.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $pivotUpdatedAt;

    /**
     * The class name of the custom pivot model to use for the relationship.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $using;

    /**
     * The name of the accessor to use for the &quot;pivot&quot; relationship.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $accessor = 'pivot';

    /**
     * Create a new belongs to many relationship instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $parent
     * @param  string  $table
     * @param  string  $foreignPivotKey
     * @param  string  $relatedPivotKey
     * @param  string  $parentKey
     * @param  string  $relatedKey
     * @param  string|null  $relationName
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(Builder $query, Model $parent, $table, $foreignPivotKey,
                                $relatedPivotKey, $parentKey, $relatedKey, $relationName = null)
    {
        $this-&gt;parentKey = $parentKey;
        $this-&gt;relatedKey = $relatedKey;
        $this-&gt;relationName = $relationName;
        $this-&gt;relatedPivotKey = $relatedPivotKey;
        $this-&gt;foreignPivotKey = $foreignPivotKey;
        $this-&gt;table = $this-&gt;resolveTableName($table);

        parent::__construct($query, $parent);
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to resolve the intermediate table name from the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $table
     * @return string
     */
    protected function resolveTableName($table)
    {
        if (! Str::contains($table, '\\') || ! class_exists($table)) {
            return $table;
        }

        $model = new $table;

        if (! $model instanceof Model) {
            return $table;
        }

        if (in_array(AsPivot::class, class_uses_recursive($model))) {
            $this-&gt;using($table);
        }

        return $model-&gt;getTable();
    }

    /**
     * Set the base constraints on the relation query.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function addConstraints()
    {
        $this-&gt;performJoin();

        if (static::$constraints) {
            $this-&gt;addWhereConstraints();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the join clause for the relation query.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|null  $query
     * @return $this
     */
    protected function performJoin($query = null)
    {
        $query = $query ?: $this-&gt;query;

        // We need to join to the intermediate table on the related model's primary
        // key column with the intermediate table's foreign key for the related
        // model instance. Then we can set the &quot;where&quot; for the parent models.
        $query-&gt;join(
            $this-&gt;table,
            $this-&gt;getQualifiedRelatedKeyName(),
            '=',
            $this-&gt;getQualifiedRelatedPivotKeyName()
        );

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Set the where clause for the relation query.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    protected function addWhereConstraints()
    {
        $this-&gt;query-&gt;where(
            $this-&gt;getQualifiedForeignPivotKeyName(), '=', $this-&gt;parent-&gt;{$this-&gt;parentKey}
        );

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Set the constraints for an eager load of the relation.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @return void
     */
    public function addEagerConstraints(array $models)
    {
        $whereIn = $this-&gt;whereInMethod($this-&gt;parent, $this-&gt;parentKey);

        $this-&gt;query-&gt;{$whereIn}(
            $this-&gt;getQualifiedForeignPivotKeyName(),
            $this-&gt;getKeys($models, $this-&gt;parentKey)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the relation on a set of models.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @return array
     */
    public function initRelation(array $models, $relation)
    {
        foreach ($models as $model) {
            $model-&gt;setRelation($relation, $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection());
        }

        return $models;
    }

    /**
     * Match the eagerly loaded results to their parents.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection  $results
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @return array
     */
    public function match(array $models, Collection $results, $relation)
    {
        $dictionary = $this-&gt;buildDictionary($results);

        // Once we have an array dictionary of child objects we can easily match the
        // children back to their parent using the dictionary and the keys on the
        // parent models. Then we should return these hydrated models back out.
        foreach ($models as $model) {
            $key = $this-&gt;getDictionaryKey($model-&gt;{$this-&gt;parentKey});

            if (isset($dictionary[$key])) {
                $model-&gt;setRelation(
                    $relation, $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection($dictionary[$key])
                );
            }
        }

        return $models;
    }

    /**
     * Build model dictionary keyed by the relation's foreign key.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection  $results
     * @return array
     */
    protected function buildDictionary(Collection $results)
    {
        // First we will build a dictionary of child models keyed by the foreign key
        // of the relation so that we will easily and quickly match them to their
        // parents without having a possibly slow inner loops for every models.
        $dictionary = [];

        foreach ($results as $result) {
            $value = $this-&gt;getDictionaryKey($result-&gt;{$this-&gt;accessor}-&gt;{$this-&gt;foreignPivotKey});

            $dictionary[$value][] = $result;
        }

        return $dictionary;
    }

    /**
     * Get the class being used for pivot models.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getPivotClass()
    {
        return $this-&gt;using ?? Pivot::class;
    }

    /**
     * Specify the custom pivot model to use for the relationship.
     *
     * @param  string  $class
     * @return $this
     */
    public function using($class)
    {
        $this-&gt;using = $class;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Specify the custom pivot accessor to use for the relationship.
     *
     * @param  string  $accessor
     * @return $this
     */
    public function as($accessor)
    {
        $this-&gt;accessor = $accessor;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Set a where clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivot($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
    {
        $this-&gt;pivotWheres[] = func_get_args();

        return $this-&gt;where($this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($column), $operator, $value, $boolean);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;where between&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  array  $values
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @param  bool  $not
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivotBetween($column, array $values, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)
    {
        return $this-&gt;whereBetween($this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($column), $values, $boolean, $not);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;or where between&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivotBetween($column, array $values)
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotBetween($column, $values, 'or');
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;where pivot not between&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  array  $values
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivotNotBetween($column, array $values, $boolean = 'and')
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotBetween($column, $values, $boolean, true);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;or where not between&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivotNotBetween($column, array $values)
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotBetween($column, $values, 'or', true);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;where in&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  mixed  $values
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @param  bool  $not
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivotIn($column, $values, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)
    {
        $this-&gt;pivotWhereIns[] = func_get_args();

        return $this-&gt;whereIn($this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($column), $values, $boolean, $not);
    }

    /**
     * Set an &quot;or where&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivot($column, $operator = null, $value = null)
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivot($column, $operator, $value, 'or');
    }

    /**
     * Set a where clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * In addition, new pivot records will receive this value.
     *
     * @param  string|array  $column
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return $this
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function withPivotValue($column, $value = null)
    {
        if (is_array($column)) {
            foreach ($column as $name =&gt; $value) {
                $this-&gt;withPivotValue($name, $value);
            }

            return $this;
        }

        if (is_null($value)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('The provided value may not be null.');
        }

        $this-&gt;pivotValues[] = compact('column', 'value');

        return $this-&gt;wherePivot($column, '=', $value);
    }

    /**
     * Set an &quot;or where in&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  mixed  $values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivotIn($column, $values)
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotIn($column, $values, 'or');
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;where not in&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  mixed  $values
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivotNotIn($column, $values, $boolean = 'and')
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotIn($column, $values, $boolean, true);
    }

    /**
     * Set an &quot;or where not in&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  mixed  $values
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivotNotIn($column, $values)
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotNotIn($column, $values, 'or');
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;where null&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @param  bool  $not
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivotNull($column, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)
    {
        $this-&gt;pivotWhereNulls[] = func_get_args();

        return $this-&gt;whereNull($this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($column), $boolean, $not);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;where not null&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @return $this
     */
    public function wherePivotNotNull($column, $boolean = 'and')
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotNull($column, $boolean, true);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;or where null&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  bool  $not
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivotNull($column, $not = false)
    {
        return $this-&gt;wherePivotNull($column, 'or', $not);
    }

    /**
     * Set a &quot;or where not null&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orWherePivotNotNull($column)
    {
        return $this-&gt;orWherePivotNull($column, true);
    }

    /**
     * Add an &quot;order by&quot; clause for a pivot table column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  string  $direction
     * @return $this
     */
    public function orderByPivot($column, $direction = 'asc')
    {
        return $this-&gt;orderBy($this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($column), $direction);
    }

    /**
     * Find a related model by its primary key or return a new instance of the related model.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $id
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function findOrNew($id, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;find($id, $columns))) {
            $instance = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance();
        }

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Get the first related model record matching the attributes or instantiate it.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function firstOrNew(array $attributes)
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;where($attributes)-&gt;first())) {
            $instance = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance($attributes);
        }

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Get the first related record matching the attributes or create it.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $joining
     * @param  bool  $touch
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function firstOrCreate(array $attributes, array $joining = [], $touch = true)
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;where($attributes)-&gt;first())) {
            $instance = $this-&gt;create($attributes, $joining, $touch);
        }

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Create or update a related record matching the attributes, and fill it with values.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $values
     * @param  array  $joining
     * @param  bool  $touch
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function updateOrCreate(array $attributes, array $values = [], array $joining = [], $touch = true)
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;where($attributes)-&gt;first())) {
            return $this-&gt;create($values, $joining, $touch);
        }

        $instance-&gt;fill($values);

        $instance-&gt;save(['touch' =&gt; false]);

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Find a related model by its primary key.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $id
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|null
     */
    public function find($id, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        if (! $id instanceof Model &amp;&amp; (is_array($id) || $id instanceof Arrayable)) {
            return $this-&gt;findMany($id, $columns);
        }

        return $this-&gt;where(
            $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;getQualifiedKeyName(), '=', $this-&gt;parseId($id)
        )-&gt;first($columns);
    }

    /**
     * Find multiple related models by their primary keys.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|array  $ids
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection
     */
    public function findMany($ids, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        $ids = $ids instanceof Arrayable ? $ids-&gt;toArray() : $ids;

        if (empty($ids)) {
            return $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;newCollection();
        }

        return $this-&gt;whereIn(
            $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;getQualifiedKeyName(), $this-&gt;parseIds($ids)
        )-&gt;get($columns);
    }

    /**
     * Find a related model by its primary key or throw an exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $id
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
     */
    public function findOrFail($id, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        $result = $this-&gt;find($id, $columns);

        $id = $id instanceof Arrayable ? $id-&gt;toArray() : $id;

        if (is_array($id)) {
            if (count($result) === count(array_unique($id))) {
                return $result;
            }
        } elseif (! is_null($result)) {
            return $result;
        }

        throw (new ModelNotFoundException)-&gt;setModel(get_class($this-&gt;related), $id);
    }

    /**
     * Add a basic where clause to the query, and return the first result.
     *
     * @param  \Closure|string|array  $column
     * @param  mixed  $operator
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|static
     */
    public function firstWhere($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
    {
        return $this-&gt;where($column, $operator, $value, $boolean)-&gt;first();
    }

    /**
     * Execute the query and get the first result.
     *
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function first($columns = ['*'])
    {
        $results = $this-&gt;take(1)-&gt;get($columns);

        return count($results) &gt; 0 ? $results-&gt;first() : null;
    }

    /**
     * Execute the query and get the first result or throw an exception.
     *
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|static
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
     */
    public function firstOrFail($columns = ['*'])
    {
        if (! is_null($model = $this-&gt;first($columns))) {
            return $model;
        }

        throw (new ModelNotFoundException)-&gt;setModel(get_class($this-&gt;related));
    }

    /**
     * Execute the query and get the first result or call a callback.
     *
     * @param  \Closure|array  $columns
     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|static|mixed
     */
    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
    {
        if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
            $callback = $columns;

            $columns = ['*'];
        }

        if (! is_null($model = $this-&gt;first($columns))) {
            return $model;
        }

        return $callback();
    }

    /**
     * Get the results of the relationship.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getResults()
    {
        return ! is_null($this-&gt;parent-&gt;{$this-&gt;parentKey})
                ? $this-&gt;get()
                : $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection();
    }

    /**
     * Execute the query as a &quot;select&quot; statement.
     *
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection
     */
    public function get($columns = ['*'])
    {
        // First we'll add the proper select columns onto the query so it is run with
        // the proper columns. Then, we will get the results and hydrate our pivot
        // models with the result of those columns as a separate model relation.
        $builder = $this-&gt;query-&gt;applyScopes();

        $columns = $builder-&gt;getQuery()-&gt;columns ? [] : $columns;

        $models = $builder-&gt;addSelect(
            $this-&gt;shouldSelect($columns)
        )-&gt;getModels();

        $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation($models);

        // If we actually found models we will also eager load any relationships that
        // have been specified as needing to be eager loaded. This will solve the
        // n + 1 query problem for the developer and also increase performance.
        if (count($models) &gt; 0) {
            $models = $builder-&gt;eagerLoadRelations($models);
        }

        return $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection($models);
    }

    /**
     * Get the select columns for the relation query.
     *
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return array
     */
    protected function shouldSelect(array $columns = ['*'])
    {
        if ($columns == ['*']) {
            $columns = [$this-&gt;related-&gt;getTable().'.*'];
        }

        return array_merge($columns, $this-&gt;aliasedPivotColumns());
    }

    /**
     * Get the pivot columns for the relation.
     *
     * &quot;pivot_&quot; is prefixed ot each column for easy removal later.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function aliasedPivotColumns()
    {
        $defaults = [$this-&gt;foreignPivotKey, $this-&gt;relatedPivotKey];

        return collect(array_merge($defaults, $this-&gt;pivotColumns))-&gt;map(function ($column) {
            return $this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($column).' as pivot_'.$column;
        })-&gt;unique()-&gt;all();
    }

    /**
     * Get a paginator for the &quot;select&quot; statement.
     *
     * @param  int|null  $perPage
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @param  string  $pageName
     * @param  int|null  $page
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
     */
    public function paginate($perPage = null, $columns = ['*'], $pageName = 'page', $page = null)
    {
        $this-&gt;query-&gt;addSelect($this-&gt;shouldSelect($columns));

        return tap($this-&gt;query-&gt;paginate($perPage, $columns, $pageName, $page), function ($paginator) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation($paginator-&gt;items());
        });
    }

    /**
     * Paginate the given query into a simple paginator.
     *
     * @param  int|null  $perPage
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @param  string  $pageName
     * @param  int|null  $page
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\Paginator
     */
    public function simplePaginate($perPage = null, $columns = ['*'], $pageName = 'page', $page = null)
    {
        $this-&gt;query-&gt;addSelect($this-&gt;shouldSelect($columns));

        return tap($this-&gt;query-&gt;simplePaginate($perPage, $columns, $pageName, $page), function ($paginator) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation($paginator-&gt;items());
        });
    }

    /**
     * Paginate the given query into a cursor paginator.
     *
     * @param  int|null  $perPage
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @param  string  $cursorName
     * @param  string|null  $cursor
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\CursorPaginator
     */
    public function cursorPaginate($perPage = null, $columns = ['*'], $cursorName = 'cursor', $cursor = null)
    {
        $this-&gt;query-&gt;addSelect($this-&gt;shouldSelect($columns));

        return tap($this-&gt;query-&gt;cursorPaginate($perPage, $columns, $cursorName, $cursor), function ($paginator) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation($paginator-&gt;items());
        });
    }

    /**
     * Chunk the results of the query.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return bool
     */
    public function chunk($count, callable $callback)
    {
        return $this-&gt;prepareQueryBuilder()-&gt;chunk($count, function ($results, $page) use ($callback) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation($results-&gt;all());

            return $callback($results, $page);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Chunk the results of a query by comparing numeric IDs.
     *
     * @param  int  $count
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  string|null  $column
     * @param  string|null  $alias
     * @return bool
     */
    public function chunkById($count, callable $callback, $column = null, $alias = null)
    {
        $this-&gt;prepareQueryBuilder();

        $column = $column ?? $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;qualifyColumn(
            $this-&gt;getRelatedKeyName()
        );

        $alias = $alias ?? $this-&gt;getRelatedKeyName();

        return $this-&gt;query-&gt;chunkById($count, function ($results) use ($callback) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation($results-&gt;all());

            return $callback($results);
        }, $column, $alias);
    }

    /**
     * Execute a callback over each item while chunking.
     *
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  int  $count
     * @return bool
     */
    public function each(callable $callback, $count = 1000)
    {
        return $this-&gt;chunk($count, function ($results) use ($callback) {
            foreach ($results as $key =&gt; $value) {
                if ($callback($value, $key) === false) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Query lazily, by chunks of the given size.
     *
     * @param  int  $chunkSize
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection
     */
    public function lazy($chunkSize = 1000)
    {
        return $this-&gt;prepareQueryBuilder()-&gt;lazy($chunkSize)-&gt;map(function ($model) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation([$model]);

            return $model;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Query lazily, by chunking the results of a query by comparing IDs.
     *
     * @param  int  $chunkSize
     * @param  string|null  $column
     * @param  string|null  $alias
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection
     */
    public function lazyById($chunkSize = 1000, $column = null, $alias = null)
    {
        $column = $column ?? $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;qualifyColumn(
            $this-&gt;getRelatedKeyName()
        );

        $alias = $alias ?? $this-&gt;getRelatedKeyName();

        return $this-&gt;prepareQueryBuilder()-&gt;lazyById($chunkSize, $column, $alias)-&gt;map(function ($model) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation([$model]);

            return $model;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Get a lazy collection for the given query.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection
     */
    public function cursor()
    {
        return $this-&gt;prepareQueryBuilder()-&gt;cursor()-&gt;map(function ($model) {
            $this-&gt;hydratePivotRelation([$model]);

            return $model;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Prepare the query builder for query execution.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    protected function prepareQueryBuilder()
    {
        return $this-&gt;query-&gt;addSelect($this-&gt;shouldSelect());
    }

    /**
     * Hydrate the pivot table relationship on the models.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @return void
     */
    protected function hydratePivotRelation(array $models)
    {
        // To hydrate the pivot relationship, we will just gather the pivot attributes
        // and create a new Pivot model, which is basically a dynamic model that we
        // will set the attributes, table, and connections on it so it will work.
        foreach ($models as $model) {
            $model-&gt;setRelation($this-&gt;accessor, $this-&gt;newExistingPivot(
                $this-&gt;migratePivotAttributes($model)
            ));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the pivot attributes from a model.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $model
     * @return array
     */
    protected function migratePivotAttributes(Model $model)
    {
        $values = [];

        foreach ($model-&gt;getAttributes() as $key =&gt; $value) {
            // To get the pivots attributes we will just take any of the attributes which
            // begin with &quot;pivot_&quot; and add those to this arrays, as well as unsetting
            // them from the parent's models since they exist in a different table.
            if (strpos($key, 'pivot_') === 0) {
                $values[substr($key, 6)] = $value;

                unset($model-&gt;$key);
            }
        }

        return $values;
    }

    /**
     * If we're touching the parent model, touch.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function touchIfTouching()
    {
        if ($this-&gt;touchingParent()) {
            $this-&gt;getParent()-&gt;touch();
        }

        if ($this-&gt;getParent()-&gt;touches($this-&gt;relationName)) {
            $this-&gt;touch();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine if we should touch the parent on sync.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function touchingParent()
    {
        return $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;touches($this-&gt;guessInverseRelation());
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to guess the name of the inverse of the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function guessInverseRelation()
    {
        return Str::camel(Str::pluralStudly(class_basename($this-&gt;getParent())));
    }

    /**
     * Touch all of the related models for the relationship.
     *
     * E.g.: Touch all roles associated with this user.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function touch()
    {
        $key = $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;getKeyName();

        $columns = [
            $this-&gt;related-&gt;getUpdatedAtColumn() =&gt; $this-&gt;related-&gt;freshTimestampString(),
        ];

        // If we actually have IDs for the relation, we will run the query to update all
        // the related model's timestamps, to make sure these all reflect the changes
        // to the parent models. This will help us keep any caching synced up here.
        if (count($ids = $this-&gt;allRelatedIds()) &gt; 0) {
            $this-&gt;getRelated()-&gt;newQueryWithoutRelationships()-&gt;whereIn($key, $ids)-&gt;update($columns);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the IDs for the related models.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    public function allRelatedIds()
    {
        return $this-&gt;newPivotQuery()-&gt;pluck($this-&gt;relatedPivotKey);
    }

    /**
     * Save a new model and attach it to the parent model.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $model
     * @param  array  $pivotAttributes
     * @param  bool  $touch
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function save(Model $model, array $pivotAttributes = [], $touch = true)
    {
        $model-&gt;save(['touch' =&gt; false]);

        $this-&gt;attach($model, $pivotAttributes, $touch);

        return $model;
    }

    /**
     * Save an array of new models and attach them to the parent model.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|array  $models
     * @param  array  $pivotAttributes
     * @return array
     */
    public function saveMany($models, array $pivotAttributes = [])
    {
        foreach ($models as $key =&gt; $model) {
            $this-&gt;save($model, (array) ($pivotAttributes[$key] ?? []), false);
        }

        $this-&gt;touchIfTouching();

        return $models;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance of the related model.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $joining
     * @param  bool  $touch
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function create(array $attributes = [], array $joining = [], $touch = true)
    {
        $instance = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance($attributes);

        // Once we save the related model, we need to attach it to the base model via
        // through intermediate table so we'll use the existing &quot;attach&quot; method to
        // accomplish this which will insert the record and any more attributes.
        $instance-&gt;save(['touch' =&gt; false]);

        $this-&gt;attach($instance, $joining, $touch);

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Create an array of new instances of the related models.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $records
     * @param  array  $joinings
     * @return array
     */
    public function createMany(iterable $records, array $joinings = [])
    {
        $instances = [];

        foreach ($records as $key =&gt; $record) {
            $instances[] = $this-&gt;create($record, (array) ($joinings[$key] ?? []), false);
        }

        $this-&gt;touchIfTouching();

        return $instances;
    }

    /**
     * Add the constraints for a relationship query.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $parentQuery
     * @param  array|mixed  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function getRelationExistenceQuery(Builder $query, Builder $parentQuery, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        if ($parentQuery-&gt;getQuery()-&gt;from == $query-&gt;getQuery()-&gt;from) {
            return $this-&gt;getRelationExistenceQueryForSelfJoin($query, $parentQuery, $columns);
        }

        $this-&gt;performJoin($query);

        return parent::getRelationExistenceQuery($query, $parentQuery, $columns);
    }

    /**
     * Add the constraints for a relationship query on the same table.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $parentQuery
     * @param  array|mixed  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function getRelationExistenceQueryForSelfJoin(Builder $query, Builder $parentQuery, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        $query-&gt;select($columns);

        $query-&gt;from($this-&gt;related-&gt;getTable().' as '.$hash = $this-&gt;getRelationCountHash());

        $this-&gt;related-&gt;setTable($hash);

        $this-&gt;performJoin($query);

        return parent::getRelationExistenceQuery($query, $parentQuery, $columns);
    }

    /**
     * Get the key for comparing against the parent key in &quot;has&quot; query.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getExistenceCompareKey()
    {
        return $this-&gt;getQualifiedForeignPivotKeyName();
    }

    /**
     * Specify that the pivot table has creation and update timestamps.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $createdAt
     * @param  mixed  $updatedAt
     * @return $this
     */
    public function withTimestamps($createdAt = null, $updatedAt = null)
    {
        $this-&gt;withTimestamps = true;

        $this-&gt;pivotCreatedAt = $createdAt;
        $this-&gt;pivotUpdatedAt = $updatedAt;

        return $this-&gt;withPivot($this-&gt;createdAt(), $this-&gt;updatedAt());
    }

    /**
     * Get the name of the &quot;created at&quot; column.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function createdAt()
    {
        return $this-&gt;pivotCreatedAt ?: $this-&gt;parent-&gt;getCreatedAtColumn();
    }

    /**
     * Get the name of the &quot;updated at&quot; column.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function updatedAt()
    {
        return $this-&gt;pivotUpdatedAt ?: $this-&gt;parent-&gt;getUpdatedAtColumn();
    }

    /**
     * Get the foreign key for the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getForeignPivotKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;foreignPivotKey;
    }

    /**
     * Get the fully qualified foreign key for the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQualifiedForeignPivotKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($this-&gt;foreignPivotKey);
    }

    /**
     * Get the &quot;related key&quot; for the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRelatedPivotKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;relatedPivotKey;
    }

    /**
     * Get the fully qualified &quot;related key&quot; for the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQualifiedRelatedPivotKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;qualifyPivotColumn($this-&gt;relatedPivotKey);
    }

    /**
     * Get the parent key for the relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getParentKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;parentKey;
    }

    /**
     * Get the fully qualified parent key name for the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQualifiedParentKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;parent-&gt;qualifyColumn($this-&gt;parentKey);
    }

    /**
     * Get the related key for the relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRelatedKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;relatedKey;
    }

    /**
     * Get the fully qualified related key name for the relation.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQualifiedRelatedKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;related-&gt;qualifyColumn($this-&gt;relatedKey);
    }

    /**
     * Get the intermediate table for the relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getTable()
    {
        return $this-&gt;table;
    }

    /**
     * Get the relationship name for the relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRelationName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;relationName;
    }

    /**
     * Get the name of the pivot accessor for this relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getPivotAccessor()
    {
        return $this-&gt;accessor;
    }

    /**
     * Get the pivot columns for this relationship.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getPivotColumns()
    {
        return $this-&gt;pivotColumns;
    }

    /**
     * Qualify the given column name by the pivot table.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function qualifyPivotColumn($column)
    {
        return Str::contains($column, '.')
                    ? $column
                    : $this-&gt;table.'.'.$column;
    }
}
</textarea><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Save">
</form>