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    <h3>Editing: HasOneOrMany.php</h3>
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namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Concerns\InteractsWithDictionary;

abstract class HasOneOrMany extends Relation
{
    use InteractsWithDictionary;

    /**
     * The foreign key of the parent model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $foreignKey;

    /**
     * The local key of the parent model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $localKey;

    /**
     * Create a new has one or many relationship instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $parent
     * @param  string  $foreignKey
     * @param  string  $localKey
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(Builder $query, Model $parent, $foreignKey, $localKey)
    {
        $this-&gt;localKey = $localKey;
        $this-&gt;foreignKey = $foreignKey;

        parent::__construct($query, $parent);
    }

    /**
     * Create and return an un-saved instance of the related model.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function make(array $attributes = [])
    {
        return tap($this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance($attributes), function ($instance) {
            $this-&gt;setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create and return an un-saved instance of the related models.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $records
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection
     */
    public function makeMany($records)
    {
        $instances = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection();

        foreach ($records as $record) {
            $instances-&gt;push($this-&gt;make($record));
        }

        return $instances;
    }

    /**
     * Set the base constraints on the relation query.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function addConstraints()
    {
        if (static::$constraints) {
            $query = $this-&gt;getRelationQuery();

            $query-&gt;where($this-&gt;foreignKey, '=', $this-&gt;getParentKey());

            $query-&gt;whereNotNull($this-&gt;foreignKey);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the constraints for an eager load of the relation.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @return void
     */
    public function addEagerConstraints(array $models)
    {
        $whereIn = $this-&gt;whereInMethod($this-&gt;parent, $this-&gt;localKey);

        $this-&gt;getRelationQuery()-&gt;{$whereIn}(
            $this-&gt;foreignKey, $this-&gt;getKeys($models, $this-&gt;localKey)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Match the eagerly loaded results to their single parents.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection  $results
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @return array
     */
    public function matchOne(array $models, Collection $results, $relation)
    {
        return $this-&gt;matchOneOrMany($models, $results, $relation, 'one');
    }

    /**
     * Match the eagerly loaded results to their many parents.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection  $results
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @return array
     */
    public function matchMany(array $models, Collection $results, $relation)
    {
        return $this-&gt;matchOneOrMany($models, $results, $relation, 'many');
    }

    /**
     * Match the eagerly loaded results to their many parents.
     *
     * @param  array  $models
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection  $results
     * @param  string  $relation
     * @param  string  $type
     * @return array
     */
    protected function matchOneOrMany(array $models, Collection $results, $relation, $type)
    {
        $dictionary = $this-&gt;buildDictionary($results);

        // Once we have the dictionary we can simply spin through the parent models to
        // link them up with their children using the keyed dictionary to make the
        // matching very convenient and easy work. Then we'll just return them.
        foreach ($models as $model) {
            if (isset($dictionary[$key = $this-&gt;getDictionaryKey($model-&gt;getAttribute($this-&gt;localKey))])) {
                $model-&gt;setRelation(
                    $relation, $this-&gt;getRelationValue($dictionary, $key, $type)
                );
            }
        }

        return $models;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of a relationship by one or many type.
     *
     * @param  array  $dictionary
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  string  $type
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getRelationValue(array $dictionary, $key, $type)
    {
        $value = $dictionary[$key];

        return $type === 'one' ? reset($value) : $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection($value);
    }

    /**
     * Build model dictionary keyed by the relation's foreign key.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection  $results
     * @return array
     */
    protected function buildDictionary(Collection $results)
    {
        $foreign = $this-&gt;getForeignKeyName();

        return $results-&gt;mapToDictionary(function ($result) use ($foreign) {
            return [$this-&gt;getDictionaryKey($result-&gt;{$foreign}) =&gt; $result];
        })-&gt;all();
    }

    /**
     * Find a model by its primary key or return a new instance of the related model.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $id
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function findOrNew($id, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;find($id, $columns))) {
            $instance = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance();

            $this-&gt;setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);
        }

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Get the first related model record matching the attributes or instantiate it.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function firstOrNew(array $attributes = [], array $values = [])
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;where($attributes)-&gt;first())) {
            $instance = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance(array_merge($attributes, $values));

            $this-&gt;setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);
        }

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Get the first related record matching the attributes or create it.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function firstOrCreate(array $attributes = [], array $values = [])
    {
        if (is_null($instance = $this-&gt;where($attributes)-&gt;first())) {
            $instance = $this-&gt;create(array_merge($attributes, $values));
        }

        return $instance;
    }

    /**
     * Create or update a related record matching the attributes, and fill it with values.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function updateOrCreate(array $attributes, array $values = [])
    {
        return tap($this-&gt;firstOrNew($attributes), function ($instance) use ($values) {
            $instance-&gt;fill($values);

            $instance-&gt;save();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Attach a model instance to the parent model.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $model
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|false
     */
    public function save(Model $model)
    {
        $this-&gt;setForeignAttributesForCreate($model);

        return $model-&gt;save() ? $model : false;
    }

    /**
     * Attach a collection of models to the parent instance.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $models
     * @return iterable
     */
    public function saveMany($models)
    {
        foreach ($models as $model) {
            $this-&gt;save($model);
        }

        return $models;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance of the related model.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function create(array $attributes = [])
    {
        return tap($this-&gt;related-&gt;newInstance($attributes), function ($instance) {
            $this-&gt;setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);

            $instance-&gt;save();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance of the related model. Allow mass-assignment.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
     */
    public function forceCreate(array $attributes = [])
    {
        $attributes[$this-&gt;getForeignKeyName()] = $this-&gt;getParentKey();

        return $this-&gt;related-&gt;forceCreate($attributes);
    }

    /**
     * Create a Collection of new instances of the related model.
     *
     * @param  iterable  $records
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection
     */
    public function createMany(iterable $records)
    {
        $instances = $this-&gt;related-&gt;newCollection();

        foreach ($records as $record) {
            $instances-&gt;push($this-&gt;create($record));
        }

        return $instances;
    }

    /**
     * Set the foreign ID for creating a related model.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $model
     * @return void
     */
    protected function setForeignAttributesForCreate(Model $model)
    {
        $model-&gt;setAttribute($this-&gt;getForeignKeyName(), $this-&gt;getParentKey());
    }

    /**
     * Add the constraints for a relationship query.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $parentQuery
     * @param  array|mixed  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function getRelationExistenceQuery(Builder $query, Builder $parentQuery, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        if ($query-&gt;getQuery()-&gt;from == $parentQuery-&gt;getQuery()-&gt;from) {
            return $this-&gt;getRelationExistenceQueryForSelfRelation($query, $parentQuery, $columns);
        }

        return parent::getRelationExistenceQuery($query, $parentQuery, $columns);
    }

    /**
     * Add the constraints for a relationship query on the same table.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $parentQuery
     * @param  array|mixed  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function getRelationExistenceQueryForSelfRelation(Builder $query, Builder $parentQuery, $columns = ['*'])
    {
        $query-&gt;from($query-&gt;getModel()-&gt;getTable().' as '.$hash = $this-&gt;getRelationCountHash());

        $query-&gt;getModel()-&gt;setTable($hash);

        return $query-&gt;select($columns)-&gt;whereColumn(
            $this-&gt;getQualifiedParentKeyName(), '=', $hash.'.'.$this-&gt;getForeignKeyName()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get the key for comparing against the parent key in &quot;has&quot; query.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getExistenceCompareKey()
    {
        return $this-&gt;getQualifiedForeignKeyName();
    }

    /**
     * Get the key value of the parent's local key.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getParentKey()
    {
        return $this-&gt;parent-&gt;getAttribute($this-&gt;localKey);
    }

    /**
     * Get the fully qualified parent key name.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQualifiedParentKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;parent-&gt;qualifyColumn($this-&gt;localKey);
    }

    /**
     * Get the plain foreign key.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getForeignKeyName()
    {
        $segments = explode('.', $this-&gt;getQualifiedForeignKeyName());

        return end($segments);
    }

    /**
     * Get the foreign key for the relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQualifiedForeignKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;foreignKey;
    }

    /**
     * Get the local key for the relationship.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getLocalKeyName()
    {
        return $this-&gt;localKey;
    }
}
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